Could the Confederate States of America arm enslaved people in its civil war with the North but deny them citizenship and call itself a republic? World War I capped a streak of mass international migration. 1 Historian Alan Taylor argues that this distinction was at the heart of the conflict with Britain, its casus belli.ĭebates about military service force a people and a nation to confront the bonds and boundaries of citizenship and civic life, responsive to the political pressures of the day. ![]() Only a volunteer army could remain true to the nation’s founding principles and character. Military service must not be coerced but freely chosen in a republic. ![]() “The question is nothing less than whether the most essential rights of personal liberty shall be surrendered, and despotism embraced in its worst form,” he asserted. In the War of 1812, the Massachusetts Federalist representative Daniel Webster bemoaned the entertaining of compulsory military service in the “councils of a free government.” ![]() Americans have objected to standing armies going back to the garrisoning of British troops in colonial Boston. Before World War II, the US government had never instituted military conscription while not at war.
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